EMDrive

Today’s online INQUISITR produce news about: Warp to Mars in 10 weeks, NASA publishers ‘impossible’ EMDrive research paper.

What is EMDrive? EMDrive is an electromagnetic propulsion system. In theory, the EMDrive would allow spacecraft to travel between planets using only the power of the sun to generate electricity, astronauts could reach the moon in four hours, Mars in 70 days, and Pluto in 18 months.

Originally developed by British inventor Dr. Roger Shawyer, the EMDrive is reputed to be able to do with trapped microwaves. Dr. Roger Shawyer was a program project manager at Astrium, the European Space Satellite Company was once owned by British Aerospace.

The EMDrive is a sealed cavity in the shape of a truncated cone filled with resonant microwaves shuttling back and forth.

The existence of the EMDrive was first made known to the public in the December 2002 issue of Eureka magazine, trade journal aimed at design and future concept engineers.

On Nov 17 2016 NASA has presented its paper on the new rocket propulsion EMDrive in Journal of Propulsion and Power online.

According to the paper, Eagleworks Laboratories created a radio frequency resonant cavity thruster with a capacity to produce 1.2 millinewtons per kilowatt of thrust in vacuum. NASA used electricity to create the microwaves and bounced off waves in the closed copper cone.
EMDrive

History of pasteurization

Pasteurization is the named for the French scientist Louis Pasteur (1822-1895). Although he first experimented with this process in 1862, pasteurization was not put to use until the early twentieth century. 

During the 1800s, human caught typhoid and tuberculosis from tainted milk. Diaries in the 1800s were extremely unsanitary and so were the dairy workers.

In 1857, Louis Pasteur discovered that souring in milk could be delayed by heating milk to between 122 and 142°F, although it was not firmly established that causative agents of spoilage and disease were microorganisms until later in that century.

In 1863, he developed a method of treating wine by heating it to kill the microorganisms that caused the wine to become vinegar. The technique was soon applied to milk.

The first commercial pasteurization equipment was manufactured in Germany in 1882.

Pasteurization began in the United States as early as 1893, when private charity milk stations in New York City began to provide pasteurized milk to poor children through the city health department, a movement that spread to other cities. In 1930s, milk pasteurization became mandatory under U.S law.

New methods of purifying food have been developed, including cold pasteurization and electronic pasteurization. Both of these methods involve the use of ionizing radiation to destroy microorganisms.
History of pasteurization

Ancient Roman technology

By the first century AD Rome had become the biggest and most advanced city in the world.

One of the things about ancient Roman civilization that most impresses people today is the Roman’s use of technology.

The ancient Romans came up with new technologies to improve the city’s sanitation systems, roads and buildings.

They developed a system of aqueducts that piped freshwater into the city, and they built sewers that removed the city’s waste.

The farmers grew olives, grapes, wheat and other fruits and vegetables. They used tools seeds and techniques created earlier throughout the Mediterranean world. These included irrigation systems and ox-drawn plows.

Ancient Rome’s have a vast network of roads that reached throughout the empire. More than 50,000 miles of roads extended from Rome to the farthest provinces.

Army engineers often designed and constructed roads as a means to swiftly move army legions from place to place and to keep them supplied.

The Romans developed new techniques and used materials such as volcanic soil from Pozzuoli, a village near Naples, to make their cement harder and stronger.

Some of the most important construction methods that the Romans used in their building projects were arches, vaults and domes. Arches support weight better than flat-topped openings.

A doctor in ancient Rome had little or no training. Most of them simply learned their skills as apprentices to other doctors.

Roman doctors tackled some surprisingly delicate operations, such as removing small tumors and repairing a hernia. They even removed cataracts from the eyes.

Their medical tools were often made from bronze, as this was a practical and relatively cheap way to produce surgical instruments, though the best doctors preferred instruments made from fine quality.
Ancient Roman technology

Ancient Ideas of Technology and Sciences

Ancient Idea of Technology and Sciences
There remain many unsolved mysteries about the technologists of the ancient world. There is evidence that in Mesopotamian, craftsmen knew how to use electrical currents for electroplating metals.

The ancient Polynesian, without the aid of compasses or charts, navigated the Pacific.

The Egyptians not only constructed the pyramids but also were able to lift massive stone obelisks onto their ends by some unknown method.

The ancient Egyptians built a canal to link the Red Sea with the Mediterranean and other technological and mathematical innovations took place in India, China and central Asia.

In pre-Bronze Age Britain and on the continent of Europe, builders somehow moved heavy stones to build monuments with apparent astronomical orientations such as at Stonehenge.

The ancient Greeks used a complicated navigational device that was a sort of early geared analog computer to locate the positions of the stars and planets know as Anikythera computer.

The workings of that strange machine, found by a sponge fisherman off the Greek island of Syme in 1900, were partially unraveled by 1974 by a historian of technology, Derek de Solla Price.

In Americas, the Mayans, Toltecs, and subjects of the Inca knew about wheeled pull toys, but they never used wheels for vehicles or even wheelbarrows.

Yet the Mayans used the concept of the mathematical zero several centuries before the Europeans.

The fact that wisely dispersed nations and races came upon the same idea, in cases of parallel invention, rather than diffused invention , leave another set of tantalizing.
Ancient Idea of Technology and Sciences

Rocket Science: the History

Rocket Science: the History
In 1232, during the war of Kai-Keng, the Chinese repelled the Mongol invaders by a barrage of "arrows of flying fire." These fire-arrows were a simple form of a solid-propellant rocket. A tube, capped at one end, was filled with gunpowder. The other end was left open and the tube was attached to a long stick. When the powder was ignited, the rapid burning of the powder produced fire, smoke, and gas that escaped out the open end and produced a thrust.

Then, the Mongols produced rockets of their own and may have been responsible for the spread of rockets to Europe. The rocket seems to have arrived in Europe around 1241 A.D. Contemporary accounts describe rocket-like weapons being used by the Mongols against Magyar forces at the battle of Sejo which preceded their capture of Buda (now known as Budapest) Dec. 25, 1241.

According to history Mongols invaded Baghdad on February 15, also use the rocket like weapon.
Sir Isaac Newton laid the understanding of physical notion of rocket science on the 17th century. He organized his findings into scientific laws.

In 1720, Willem Gravesande, a Dutch professor, built model cars propelled by jets of stream.

In 1898, a Russian schoolteacher and scientist, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (1857-1935), proposed the idea of space exploration. Tsiolkovsky suggested the use of liquid propellants for rockets in order to achieve greater range. Tsiolkovsky stated that the speed and range of a rocket were limited only by the exhaust velocity of escaping gases.

American scientist, Robert H. Goddard conducted experiments in rocket science in the early 20th century and became interested in a way of achieving higher altitudes. Robert Goddard conducted theoretical and experimental research on rocket motors using a steel motor with a tapered nozzle and achieved greatly improved thrust and efficiency for the rockets of his times. Sputnik I, was the first satellite successful entry in a race for space between the two superpower Russian and United States.

United States launched its first satellite Explorer 1 on January 31, 1958. In October of that year, the United States formally organized its space program by creating the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
Rocket Science: the History